Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a widely used polar aprotic solvent with applications in pharmaceuticals, biology, and industrial chemistry. While DMSO is relatively safe compared to many other solvents, it has unique properties that require careful handling to avoid health risks and ensure safety in the lab or workplace.

1. Wear Proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Gloves: Use chemical-resistant gloves (preferably nitrile) to avoid skin contact. DMSO can penetrate skin and carry other substances—including toxic ones—directly into the bloodstream.
• Eye Protection: Always wear safety goggles to prevent splashes from entering the eyes.
• Lab Coat: Wear a long-sleeved lab coat or protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.

2. Work in a Well-Ventilated Area

• Use DMSO in a fume hood or well-ventilated space to avoid inhaling vapors.
• Although DMSO has low toxicity, its vapor can cause irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract in poorly ventilated environments.

3. Avoid Skin Contact

• Never handle DMSO with bare hands. Due to its high skin permeability, it can carry contaminants, drugs, or toxins through the skin barrier.
• If skin contact occurs, wash immediately with soap and water.

4. Prevent Inhalation and Ingestion

• Do not inhale DMSO vapors for extended periods.
• Never eat, drink, or smoke near DMSO to avoid accidental ingestion.

5. Use Proper Containers

• Store and dispense DMSO in glass or HDPE containers. DMSO may degrade or dissolve certain plastics.
• Clearly label all containers with the chemical name, concentration, and hazard symbols.

6. Avoid Mixing with Incompatible Substances

• Do not mix DMSO with strong oxidizing agents (e.g., nitric acid, perchlorates) as this may lead to violent reactions.
• Be cautious when combining DMSO with other solvents, especially those with unknown toxicology.

7. Clean Spills Immediately

• Small spills can be absorbed using inert absorbent materials (e.g., vermiculite, sand).
• Dispose of waste properly in accordance with local regulations.
• Wear gloves and goggles when cleaning up any spill.

8. First Aid Measures

• Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
• Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
• Inhalation: Move to fresh air. If irritation or discomfort persists, seek medical attention.
• Ingestion: Seek immediate medical help. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.

9. Fire and Heat Precautions

• DMSO is combustible, though not highly flammable. Keep away from open flames and sources of ignition.
• In the event of fire, use carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, or foam extinguishers.

10. Training and Awareness

• Ensure that all personnel handling DMSO are properly trained in its properties, risks, and emergency procedures.
• Maintain access to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for DMSO in all work areas.

Conclusion

DMSO is a valuable and versatile chemical when handled properly. Understanding its ability to penetrate the skin, potential health risks, and incompatibility with certain substances is key to ensuring safe and effective use. By following these handling precautions, you can minimize hazards and maintain a safe working environment.